This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project proposes to create strains of three native bunchgrasses that are resistant to the detrimental effects of spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa). Spotted knapweed has invaded millions of acres of North America's Intermountain West and is recognized as one of the most virulent invaders in the region. Recent research has shown that one of the key mechanisms responsible for the dramatic effects of spotted knapweed are toxic chemicals released from their roots, which are novel and deleterious for the majority of the native plants in the invaded region. Related research has indicated that certain strains of the region's native grasses exhibit resistance to knapweed. Native Yards proposes to utilize this natural variation in native bunchgrasses and use their weed-resistant seeds as a tool against invasive exotic weeds, an organic strategy that has yet to be explored invasive plant research and management. These resistant genotypes will be used in future investigations to develop lines of native species that are more resistant to spotted knapweed than existing native populations and that would be able to grow in areas overrun with or threatened by invasive plants.

Invasive plants have been identified as a major threat against ecosystems around the globe. Federal, state, and local management agencies, as well as private landholders, have indicated that they would purchase a product that can stem the spread of invasives such as spotted knapweed. This product, as proposed in this SBIR Phase I project, includes the weed-resistant seed lines noted above. In addition to the commercial value, this project will have societal impacts. Many communities throughout the Intermountain West are concerned about the proliferation of invasive noxious weeds, a situation which has triggered support and interest in this product from both professional and lay audiences. This influenced Native Yards to develop a plan for scientific dissemination, including publications in peer-reviewed journals. There are also plans for undergraduate research projects, elementary school field trips, and cooperation with local weed education programs.